* [Blog](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog) * [Palo Alto Networks](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/corporate/) * [未分類](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/category/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/?lang=fr) * 層級各有其分別和必要性... # 層級各有其分別和必要性 [](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Forigin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F08%2Fnetwork-layers-not-created-equal%2F%3Flang%3Dzh-hant) [](https://twitter.com/share?text=%E5%B1%A4%E7%B4%9A%E5%90%84%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B6%E5%88%86%E5%88%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E6%80%A7&url=https%3A%2F%2Forigin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F08%2Fnetwork-layers-not-created-equal%2F%3Flang%3Dzh-hant) [](https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Forigin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F08%2Fnetwork-layers-not-created-equal%2F%3Flang%3Dzh-hant&title=%E5%B1%A4%E7%B4%9A%E5%90%84%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B6%E5%88%86%E5%88%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E6%80%A7&summary=&source=) [](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com//www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2019/08/network-layers-not-created-equal/?lang=zh-hant&ts=markdown) [](mailto:?subject=層級各有其分別和必要性) Link copied By [John Kindervag](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/author/john-kindervag/?lang=zh-hant&ts=markdown "Posts by John Kindervag") Aug 19, 2019 1 minutes [未分類](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/category/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/?lang=fr&ts=markdown) This post is also available in: [English (英語)](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2019/05/network-layers-not-created-equal/ "Switch to 英語(English)") [简体中文 (簡體中文)](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2019/08/network-layers-not-created-equal/?lang=zh-hans "Switch to 簡體中文(简体中文)") [日本語 (日語)](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2019/07/network-layers-not-created-equal/?lang=ja "Switch to 日語(日本語)") [한국어 (韓語)](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2019/08/network-layers-not-created-equal/?lang=ko "Switch to 韓語(한국어)") [Português (葡萄牙語（巴西）)](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2019/08/network-layers-not-created-equal/?lang=pt-br "Switch to 葡萄牙語（巴西）(Português)") ***新聞原則如何進一步肯定零信任政策的定義*** 我們都知道，記者和作者在寫作時，必須在文章中涵蓋「何人、何事、何地、何時、為何及如何」，才能讓新聞報導、部落格文章或白皮書具有可信度。如果缺少這幾個部分，讀者就無法得知完整的內容。Rudyard Kipling 針對新聞撰寫要點為我們提供了下列清楚的定義： *我有六個誠實的導師* *(他們教我學會所有的知識)；* *這六個導師的名字是「何事、為何、何時」* *以及「如何、何地、何人」。* \-Rudyard Kipling《原來如此故事集》(\*Just So Stories)\*1902 此「Kipling 方法」的實用程度遠超過新聞撰寫的最佳做法。多年以來，我使用 Kipling 方法協助企業為政策下定義和建置零信任網路。這個方法能確保為企業的安全性團隊提供完整定義。由於這個方法非常簡單易用，因此也可以確保每人 (包括非技術部門的業務主管) 都能瞭解網路安全政策。零信任政策的首要設計原則就是將重點放在業務目標，所以這個方法特別實用。 **三層的政策與七層的政策** 若要實際應用 Kipling 方法來建置真正的零信任架構，您必須先瞭解為什麼不能透過三層的技術來執行。 首先必須瞭解三層和七層的區別。若以三層的技術來執行，資訊的評估只以 IP 位址、連接埠或通訊協定為根據。由於缺乏可見資訊，資訊的評估受到相當大的限制。攻擊者可能會偽造 IP 位址。攻擊者只要進行簡單的連接埠掃描，就可以發現所有開放的連接埠，可以藉此封裝竊取的資料，並在開放的連接埠上洩漏。而且，通訊協定就只是中繼資料標籤，幫助管理員瞭解應該經過特定連接埠的流量類型。最重要的是，所有的攻擊者都知道如何避開三層控制。您必須更精確地進行定義，才能確保企業安全。 七層技術更加具體。在七層技術中，資訊的評估是以實際使用的應用程式為根據。例如，將 Facebook 定義為實際運行的應用程式，而非流經連接埠 80 和連接埠 443 的流量。我之前為 Forrester 建立了零信任網路的五步驟方法。其中第四個步驟是，您必須根據資料的預期行為以及與該資料互動的使用者或應用程式，撰寫區隔閘道的政策規則。這就是您可以透過 Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall (新世代防火牆) 執行的項目 (Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall 在零信任環境中做為[區隔閘道](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2019/01/you-want-network-segmentation-but-you-need-zero-trust/))。政策的細微度相當精細，因此只能在七層技術中執行。 ![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Old-Layer-3.png) **應用 Kipling 方法使用 Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall** 以下說明如何在部署 Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall 時應用 Kipling 方法，您需要使用我們創新的 User-ID、App-ID 和 Content-ID 技術： * User-ID 代表**何人** 陳述式：「**誰**正在存取資源？」 User-ID 是將來源 IP 位址提供的約略資料在七層技術中做出具現化。例如，您可以從 Active Directory 取得 OU，將網域使用者轉換為自訂的 User-ID。然後，您就可以從 GlobalProtect 用戶端新增多重因素驗證 (MFA) 或 Host Information Profile (主機資訊設定檔 - HIP) 等項目，增加「何人」陳述式的精確性。您也可以將 MFA 新增到 User-ID，並加上其他屬性，以進行更精細的控制。 * App-ID 代表**何事** 陳述式：「正在使用**哪一個**應用程式存取資源？」 Palo Alto Networks 目前有超過 2800 個已發佈的 App-ID 可用於建置這些規則 (請造訪 [Applipedia (應用程式百科)](https://applipedia.paloaltonetworks.com/) 查看持續增加的清單)。這代表攻擊者無法再使用如 Web 服務 (HTTP/HTTPS) 等一般應用程式避開安全性控制。 * Content-ID 代表**如何** 陳述式：「應該**如何**允許 User-ID 和 App-ID 流量存取資源？」 Content-ID 包括我們的進階入侵防禦功能 Threat Prevention 規則；SSL 解密可以防止惡意流量和竊取的資料隱藏於加密通道中；URL Filtering 可防止使用者前往惡意或釣魚網域；WildFire 是我們先進的沙箱技術，重新定義阻擋惡意軟體的方式；新的 DNS 安全性服務可以應用預測分析進行自動化保護，以阻擋使用 DNS 的攻擊。 有了這三項定義**何人、何事** 及**如何** 陳述式的技術後，您就可以使用我們的 Panorama 管理系統，輕鬆定義並實作基本的 Kipling 方法七層規則。此外，PAN-OS 還能加入**何時** 陳述式 (以時間分隔的規則)、**何地** 陳述式 (資源的位置，通常可以透過 API 自動加入 Panorama)，或**為何**陳述式 (透過讀取資料分類工具的中繼資料，並在規則中使用該中繼資料)。 ![](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-01-at-10.19.06-AM.png) Kipling 方法的設計宗旨是協助企業領導人和安全管理員使用 Rudyard Kipling 提供的何人、何事、何時、何地、為何及如何的簡易方法，來定義精細的七層模式。從未撰寫過防火牆規則的人也能輕鬆瞭解這個方法，並協助定義用來建立區隔閘道規則集的必要準則。 *** ** * ** *** ## Related Blogs ### [未分類](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/category/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/?lang=fr&ts=markdown) [#### Strata Copilot - 加速邁向自發性網路安全性的未來](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/network-security/introducing-strata-copilot/?lang=zh-hant) ### [未分類](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/category/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/?lang=fr&ts=markdown) [#### 醫療企業是勒索軟體攻擊者的首要目標](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2021/10/healthcare-organizations-are-the-top-target/?lang=zh-hant) ### [未分類](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/category/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/?lang=fr&ts=markdown) [#### 適用於 5G 的零信任：實現安全的數位轉型](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2021/10/zero-trust-for-5g-digital-transformation/?lang=zh-hant) ### [未分類](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/category/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/?lang=fr&ts=markdown) [#### 網路攻擊鎖定金融服務企業的 3 個原因以及防禦方式](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2021/10/financial-services-cyberattacks/?lang=zh-hant) ### [未分類](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/category/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/?lang=fr&ts=markdown) [#### 連續 7 年提供出色的客戶服務](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2021/10/delivering-outstanding-customer-service/?lang=zh-hant) ### [未分類](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/category/%e6%9c%aa%e5%88%86%e9%a1%9e/?lang=fr&ts=markdown) [#### Palo Alto Networks 研究：61% 的企業難以確保在家工作的遙距網絡安全](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/2021/09/state-of-hybrid-workforce-security-2021/?lang=zh-hant) ### Subscribe to the Blog! Sign up to receive must-read articles, Playbooks of the Week, new feature announcements, and more. ![spinner](https://origin-researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/wp-content/themes/panwblog2023/dist/images/ajax-loader.gif) Sign up Please enter a valid email. By submitting this form, you agree to our [Terms of Use](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/terms-of-use?ts=markdown) and acknowledge our [Privacy Statement](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/privacy?ts=markdown). Please look for a confirmation email from us. If you don't receive it in the next 10 minutes, please check your spam folder. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google [Privacy Policy](https://policies.google.com/privacy) and [Terms of Service](https://policies.google.com/terms) apply. {#footer} {#footer} ## Products and Services * [AI-Powered Network Security Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security?ts=markdown) * [Secure AI by Design](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/precision-ai-security/secure-ai-by-design?ts=markdown) * [Prisma AIRS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-ai-runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [AI Access Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/ai-access-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Delivered Security Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/security-subscriptions?ts=markdown) * [Advanced Threat Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-threat-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Advanced URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering?ts=markdown) * [Advanced WildFire](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-wildfire?ts=markdown) * [Advanced DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-dns-security?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise Data Loss Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise IoT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/enterprise-device-security?ts=markdown) * [Medical IoT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/medical-device-security?ts=markdown) * [Industrial OT Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/medical-device-security?ts=markdown) * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown) * [Next-Generation Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-generation-firewall?ts=markdown) * [Hardware Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/hardware-firewall-innovations?ts=markdown) * [Software Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/software-firewalls?ts=markdown) * [Strata Cloud Manager](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/strata-cloud-manager?ts=markdown) * [SD-WAN for NGFW](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/sd-wan-subscription?ts=markdown) * [PAN-OS](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/pan-os?ts=markdown) * [Panorama](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/panorama?ts=markdown) * [Secure Access Service Edge](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) * [Prisma SASE](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase?ts=markdown) * [Application Acceleration](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/app-acceleration?ts=markdown) * [Autonomous Digital Experience Management](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/adem?ts=markdown) * [Enterprise DLP](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/enterprise-data-loss-prevention?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Access](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/access?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Browser](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/prisma-browser?ts=markdown) * [Prisma SD-WAN](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/sd-wan?ts=markdown) * [Remote Browser Isolation](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/remote-browser-isolation?ts=markdown) * [SaaS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sase/saas-security?ts=markdown) * [AI-Driven Security Operations Platform](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) * [Cortex Cloud](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud?ts=markdown) * [Application Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/application-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Posture Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/cloud-posture-security?ts=markdown) * [Cloud Runtime Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cloud/runtime-security?ts=markdown) * [Prisma Cloud](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/cloud?ts=markdown) * [AI-Driven SOC](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsiam?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XDR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr?ts=markdown) * [Cortex XSOAR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xsoar?ts=markdown) * [Cortex Xpanse](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xpanse?ts=markdown) * [Unit 42 Managed Detection \& Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-detection-and-response?ts=markdown) * [Managed XSIAM](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/managed-xsiam?ts=markdown) * [Threat Intel and Incident Response Services](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42?ts=markdown) * [Proactive Assessments](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/assess?ts=markdown) * [Incident Response](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/respond?ts=markdown) * [Transform Your Security Strategy](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/transform?ts=markdown) * [Discover Threat Intelligence](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42/threat-intelligence-partners?ts=markdown) ## Company * [About Us](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us?ts=markdown) * [Careers](https://jobs.paloaltonetworks.com/en/) * [Contact Us](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/contact-sales?ts=markdown) * [Corporate Responsibility](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/corporate-responsibility?ts=markdown) * [Customers](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/customers?ts=markdown) * [Investor Relations](https://investors.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Location](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/about-us/locations?ts=markdown) * [Newsroom](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/company/newsroom?ts=markdown) ## Popular Links * [Blog](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/?ts=markdown) * [Communities](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/communities?ts=markdown) * [Content Library](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources?ts=markdown) * [Cyberpedia](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia?ts=markdown) * [Event Center](https://events.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Manage Email Preferences](https://start.paloaltonetworks.com/preference-center) * [Products A-Z](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/products-a-z?ts=markdown) * [Product Certifications](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/trust-center/compliance?ts=markdown) * [Report a Vulnerability](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/security-disclosure?ts=markdown) * [Sitemap](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/sitemap?ts=markdown) * [Tech Docs](https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Unit 42](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/) * [Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information](https://panwedd.exterro.net/portal/dsar.htm?target=panwedd) ![PAN logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/pan-logo-dark.svg) * [Privacy](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/privacy?ts=markdown) * [Trust Center](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/trust-center?ts=markdown) * [Terms of Use](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal-notices/terms-of-use?ts=markdown) * [Documents](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/legal?ts=markdown) Copyright © 2026 Palo Alto Networks. All Rights Reserved * [![Youtube](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/social/youtube-black.svg)](https://www.youtube.com/user/paloaltonetworks) * [![Podcast](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/images/icons/podcast.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/podcasts/threat-vector?ts=markdown) * [![Facebook](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/social/facebook-black.svg)](https://www.facebook.com/PaloAltoNetworks/) * [![LinkedIn](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/social/linkedin-black.svg)](https://www.linkedin.com/company/palo-alto-networks) * [![Twitter](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/etc/clientlibs/clean/imgs/social/twitter-x-black.svg)](https://twitter.com/PaloAltoNtwks) * EN Select your language